Method and apparatus for registering negatives with printing surfaces



29, 1931. C. w. KANOLT METHOD AND lAPPARATUS FOR REGISTERING NEGATIVESWITH PRINTING SURFACES Filed Deo. V9, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet Dec. 129, C, wKANLT e Y 11,838,312

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING NEGATIVES WITH PRINTING SURFACESl YDec. 29, 1931. c. w. KANoLT 1,838,312

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REGISTERNG NEGATIVES WITH PRINTING SURFACES lVFiled Dec. 9, 1929 5 sheets-sheet 3 mu, I .55a E 55 Vli'atentvedfDec.29, 1931 l' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICEy l CLARENCE W. KANOLT, 0F NEWYQRK,'N. Y.

Application lled December 9,1929. Serial No. 412,858. I

This invention 'relates to an improvement in registering devicesv forthe production of stereoscopic pictures and to a method of printing froma stereoscopic negative. This is an improvement on the invention set/forth in my prior application Serial No. 372,738, filed June 21, 1929.f

The object of the present invention is to overcome the difficulty thatarises when the ribbed celluloid or similar material changes itsdimensions slightly after the ribs have been formed in it. contract to aconsiderableextent, its ribs would no longer fit the grooved plate whichsupports it during the exposure, and if a print Was made on thecelluloid in contact with the photographic negative, the print 'on thecelluloid would not be properly located relative'to the ribs on theopposite side thereof.

The presentimprovement eil'ectively overv comes this difiiculty andprovides for proper registry even when the celluloid has expanded.

l A changeable or stereoscopic picture of the f type referred to hereincomprises a'sheet yof atin, on which the picture is exposed.

In the accompanying drawings: f l Fig. -1 isa vertical sectional viewthrough the complete device;

Fig. 2 -is a horizontal section on the line Fig. 4 is a detachedsectional `view ofthe holder for the linedr screen 'to be used invconnection with the invention ;A

Fig. 5 is a vertical section showing a slight modification of the box orcasing'kfor the dev vice; and y Figs. 6 and 7` are dlagrammatlc vlews1llustrating the principle of the invention.

In the drawings,- the size ofthe ridges on the celluloid and its-support is exaggerated for the'sake of clearness.

' In the form shownin Fig. 1, afboxor-ea's-N As shown, it isapproximately L-shaped and 10 If it should expand or` ing is designatedgenerally b the numeral 1 and may be open at one si e, as shown in Figs.2 and 3, or have a suitable door to gain access to the interior thereof.Supported in the top of the box or casing 1 is a source of illumination,such as an electric lamp 2, which is arranged immediately above aphotographic negative 3.

4 carried on the smooth face of the celluloid terial 4 is thus spacedslightly from the neg- Immediately beneath the negative 3 is a layer ofsensitized gelatin ative 3. Asl light from the lamp 42 passes` l throughthe negative 3 onto the photographic sensitizedmaterial 4, the spacingof the lat` ter from the negative is such that the diverging rays fromthe lamp formon the surface LLan image of the negative, which isenlarged suiiiciently to matchthe ridges in thev celluloid sheet 5,which has become expanded after the ridges have been formed in it.

` To secure good results by this method, it

is desirable that the rays of light should loriginate from a sourceapproaching a point and should contain little or no scattered light.

For this purpose a plurality of diaphragms M or partitions 6, 7 and 8are placed in the box or casing 1, as shown in Fig. 1. r

The uppermost diaphragm 6 has a relatively fine or small opening 9 closeto the lamp 2.

The other diaphragms I and' 8 have open ings therein graduallyincreasing in size 'andare designated by the numerals 10 and 11,respectively.

The openings 9, 10 and 11 are Just large enough to permit of passa e ofdirect rays of light from the lamp 2 to al parts of the nega'- tive 3.The boundaries of these raysof light are designated in Fig. 1 by thefnumeral 12. The diaphra-gms and the inner surfaces of the box or casing1 should be painted solid black to minimize reflections.

To best avoid scattered light, itis desir- Y tance may be increasedWithout making the apparatus too high, by using a casing of the .generalform shown in Fig. 8, which casing is designated generally 4by thenumeral 13.

has the lamp 2 in one end thereof and a mirror 14 in the path of thelight from the lamp 2, which mirror is set at an angle to reflect thelight onto the negative 3, Whichis arranged in the bottom of the casing.

Referring to Fig. 1', it -is shown that the ribbed Celluloid 5 issupported on a grooved plate having grooves of the general shape shownin F igs. 6 or 7. In order to utilize a piece of ribbed celluloid thathas expanded slightly, it is necessary to have this grooved plate titrather closely the piece of celluloid and to locate it at just the rightdistance below the negative to give the correct degree of enlargement tothe image.

To accomplish this, the plate 15 is supported by a plate 16 rigidlyconnected by posts 17 with a fixed plate 18 supported in the box orcasing 1. This suspends the bed-platel 16 from the plate-18 and insurespermanently correct alignment of the parts. -The bedplate 16 is providedwith' an inverted V- shaped ridge 19 and a ilat. ridge 20, upon Whichthe grooved plate 15 is supported, the

llatter being provided with a groove 21 to recelve the rib 19. Thedistance of the top of the plate 15 fromthe negative 3 will depend uponthe thickness of this plate. A set of grooved plates may be providedwith very slightly different dimensions, such that for any degree ofexpansion likely to be found in the Celluloid, a plate will be at handthat will iit it sufficiently closely. The thickness of each plateshould be such as to give the correct enlargement for the particularsize of celluloid it its. Since the amount of expansion likely to occurin the celluloid is slight, this may be accomplished without anexcessively large number of plates.

The proper distance between the negative and the sensitized surface maybe easily calculated. `This distance is the product of the distance-from the lamp t`o the negative and -the fraction bywhich the Celluloidhas expanded.

Each of the grooved plates, such as 15, is provided with a groove 21 toreceive the ridge 19 and a at surface to ride over the ridge 20. Thisinsures an accurate location and orientation of these plates.

To facilitate putting a grooved plate 15 in place, especially whenthe'plate is to be close to the negative 3, the latter is carried by aplate 22 (see Fig. 2), which is hinged at 23 t`o thesupporting.plate?18the hinges being accurately made so, that the' plate22`carrying the negative may be turned back to the position shown indotted lines in,Fig. 1.

When the negative. is thus raised, the grooved plate 15 mayr be slidinto place over the ridges 19 and 20 until it reaches the stop 24 at theback, as shovvnvin Figs. 1 and 3. The negative 3 is fixed to the plate22 by means of clamps 25.

In order to, hold the Celluloid sheet .5' Hat on the grooved plate I15,-a vacuum system may be employed, similar to that set forth in my priorapplication Serial No. 372,738, led J une 21, 1929, and above referredto.

The plate 15 has inner channels 26 which have several outlets 27 to thegrooved surface of the plate. A vacuum is supplied by a vacuum pump or asuitable source of vacuum (not shown), which isv connected with theinner channels 26 through a pipe 28 and is controlled by a valve 29. Thepipe 28 is connected With a hole 30 in the bed-plate 16 and through theflat top ridge 20. The grooved plate 15 has a corresponding registeringopening 31 which registers with the opening 30 when the plate 15 ismoved back against the stop 24 and in its proper position. This connectsthe pipe 28 with the inner channels 26 in the gooved plate 15.

Before prints are to be made from the negative 3, this negative must beproperly located on the plate 22 before it is secured in place by theclamps 25. For this purpose, ajlined screen 32 (see Fig. 4) is used, asalso set forth in my above referred-to application, and is used in thesame Way as therein pointed out. This lined screen is mounted in asupport 33,

having a groove 34 to fit over the ridge 19,

the opposite side bengiiat to ride on the ridge 20.

When the negative is to be located in the correct position, the plate 33carrying the lined screen 32 is put in place onthe bedplate 16 in theposition occupied in Fig. 1 by the grooved sheet 5; k y,

The thickness of'the plate 33 is such that when this is done and thenegative is put in place, it is practically in contact with the linedscreen 32. The plate 33 and the bed-plate plate 15 carrying theCelluloid 16 contain central openings 35 and 36, respectively, throughwhich light from a lamp 37 in the bottom of the box or casing may passup through the lined screen and the negative, which enables the'operator to position the negative relatively to the lined screen. Afterbeing thus located, the lined screen 32 is removed and thevgrooved plate15 carrying the Celluloid sheet 5 and the sensitized layer 4 is insertedin its place, as above described, after which the printing may takeplace by exposing the negative under the lamp 2, after which it may beremoved and developed in the usual way.

The principle of this operation 'is shown diagrantmatically in Fig. 6,in which some of the dimensions are exaggerated for the Y sake ofclearness. In this figure, the rays of light are indicated by dotted.lines passing through the lines of the negative and falling oncorresponding lines on the sensitized surface 4 in registry with thebottoms of the groves on the opposite surface of the celluloi 5.

VA method applicable when the Celluloid 'has contracted to slightlysmaller dimensions than it had when first formed Will now be described.

For this purpose, a convex or plano-convex lens 38 is provided, as shownin Fig. 1, and is placed in the horizontal position therein illus-`trated. When using the invention in Connecslightly convergent bypassing through thev lens. If the Celluloid is placed slightly beloW thenegative 3, the image pro-duced on the Celluloid will be slightlysmaller than the image on the negative. A number of plates similar tothe plate 151Would be provided With grooves slightly closer togetherthan the picture strips on the negative, and each plate would have sucha thickness that the image formed on the celluloid it supports Willregister properly with the grooves inthe opposite side of the Celluloid.

The lens `38 is carried in a mounting 39 hinged as at 40 to a supportingbracket 41 carried by` the plate 18. A pro]ection 42 on the mounting isadapted to rest against the plate 22 or the plate 18 When the lens is in`the horizontal position to support the edge opposite the hinge 40. Whenthe lens is not required,fit is turned back to the position shown indotted lines in Fig. 1.

The principle of this operation is shown.

diagrammatically in Fig. 7 Where some of the dimensions are exaggeratedfor the sake of clearness. The rays of light are indicated by dottedlines passing through the strips of the picture in the negative 3 beingconverged by the lens 38. The images of the boundaries fall upon linesof the photographicl sensitive surface 4 in registry with the bottoms ofthe grooves on the opposite surface of the celluloid 5. w

If the rays from the lens 38 were not obstructed they would cometogether at a focus 43, as shown in Fig. 7 The proper distance betweenthe negative and the ,sensitized surface may be easily calculated. Thisdistance should be the product of the distance from the sensitizedsurface of a sheet of material, the opposite surface thereof havingridges formed therein, comprising holding said sensitized surfaceopposing and spaced from a negative, and While thus holding the surfaceand negative in spaced relation causing an 'exposure of the negativeonto the sensitized surface.

3. A process of making changeable or.

stereoscopic pictures on a photographically sensitized surface kof asheet of material, the opposite surface thereof having ridges formedtherein, comprising registering a negative With a lined screen, removingthe lined screen, holding the sheet of material in a positionapproximately corresponding there- With, and With the sensitized surfacespaced from the negative, and printing from said negative onto thesensitized surface.

4. A process of making changeable or :stereoscopic pictures comprisingforming ridges in a face of a vsheet of material, coat- -ing theopposite side with photographically sensitive material, holding saidphotographically sensitive surface space-d from a negative, and printingfrom said negative onto the surfac 5. A process of making changeable orstery eoscopic pictures comprising forming ridges in aface of a sheet ofmaterial, coating the opposite side With photographically sensitivematerial, holding the photographically sensitive surface spaced from anegative, and While thus holding the surface and negative in spacedrelation causing an exposure of the negative onto the sensitizedsurface.

6. A process of making changeable or stereoscopic pictures comprisingforming ridges in a face of a sheet of material, coating the oppositeside of said sheet with photographically sensitive material, registeringa negative With a lined screen, removing the lined screen, holding thesheet of material in a position approximately corresponding therewith,with the sensitized surface spaced from the negative, and printing ,fromsaid negative onto the surface. v

7. A process of making changeable or stereoscopic pictures comprisingregistering a negative with a lined screen, holding in opposed andspaced relation to the negative the sensitized surface of4 a sheet ofribbed transparent material, and printing on the sensitized surface byexposing the negative to light on the opposite side thereof from thesensitized surface.

8. A method of making changeable or stereoscopic pictures comprisingforming ridges in a face of a sheet of material, coating the oppositeside With photographically sensitive material, registering a negativewith a lined screen, and removing'the lined screen, applying the sheetof material in a position approximately corresponding with that formerlyoccupied by the lined screen, with the senmaterial, and printing on thesensitized sur`v face from the negative.

10. A process of making changeable or steroscopic pictures from a linednegative bearing a streoscopic image, comprising,

registering the negative with a lined screen, holding in opposed andspaced relation from the negative, the sensitized surface of a sheet ofribbed transparent material, and printing from said` negative onto thesensitized surface.

l1. A device of the character described comprising supporting means fora negative, and means for holding a ribbed sheet of material having asensitized surface'in opposed and spaced relation from the negative, tovary the dimensions of the exposed portions between the negative andsensitized surface.

12. A device of the character described comprising means for supportinga negative, a supporting frame having ribs carried thereby, and asupport slidably mounted on said ribs for supporting a sheet of materialhaving a sensitized surface inopposed and spaced relation from thenegative.

13. A device of the character described comprising means for supportinga negative, a supporting frame having ribs carried thereby, a supportingplate slidably mounted on the ribs and for supporting a sheet ofmaterial having a sensitized surface, with said surface lin opposed andspaced relation from the negative, and means for exposing the negativeonto said sensitized surface, com

prislng a source of light spaced a substantial distance from and on theopposite side of the negative from the sensitized surface., 14. A deviceof the character described comprising a casing, means for supporting aQ..

negative therein, a base Vplate disposed neath said supporting means, aplate for holding a sheet of material, having a sensitized surface, withsaid surface in opposed and spaced relationfrom the negative, andmterfitting means between vthe base plate and the holding platepermitting slidable adl.

justment of the holding plate to properly position the sensitizedsurface relative to the negative. l

15. A device of the character described comprising a casing, means' forsupporting a negative therein, a base plate disposed beneath saidsupporting means, a'plate for holding a sheet of material, havinga-sensi-' tized surface, with said surface in opposed madera and s acedrelation from. the negative, and inter tting means between the baseplate and the holding plate permitting slidable adjustment of theholding plate. to properly position the sensitized surface relative tothe negative, a source of light on the opposite 1 side of the negativefrom the sensitized surface and spaced a substantial distance therefrom,and diaphragms or partitions within the casing havin-g openingstherethrough for the passage of light to the negative, said openingsbeginning with approximately a'point size nearest the source of lightand gradually increasing in size toward the negative;

16. A deviceY of the character described comprising a casing, means forsupporting a negative in said casing, means for supportmg a sensitizedsurface 1n spaced relation from the negative, a source of light for eX-'posing the negative onto the sensitized sur- -comprising a casing,means for supporting a

